Three doses of the RNM vaccine against COVID-19 induce lasting responses of antibodies and memory B cells, according to a study of 113 health workers in Catalonia that were followed by three aenes. The study, led by Isglobal in collaboration with the Daniel Bravo Andreu Private Foundation (FPDBA) and Posted in Cellular reportsAlso teacher that exposure to virus before vaccination leaves a different mark on the immune system without compromising the quality of the antibody response.
The Memory B cells Essential son to maintain a long -term immune response: they proliferate quickly when they meet the antigen and differ in antibody secretory cells. «There is a belief that antibodies induced by the SARS-COV-2 vaccine decay quickly, but recent evidence suggests that they remain quite established. Moncunilla GemmaSenior co -author of the study along with her colleague of Isglobal Carlota Dobaedo.
As part of the European Project EndThe research team evaluated the Durability and quality of antibody and B cell responses by memory against the SARS-COV-2 in 113 people from a cohort of health workers (covidcatcentral) to which a follow -up for 3 years from the beginning of the pandemic was followed.
Durable B cells
The results reveal that people-would have been infected by the SARS-COV-2 or not before receiving their first dose of vaccine-developed Comparable antibodies and B cell responses By memory almost a year and a half after completing vaccination with three doses of RNM.
“Over time, we observe a progressive increase in the proportion of memory B cells that reconconceive the domain of union to the receiver (RBD) of the protein, which indicates a continu Luis Molinos-AlbertFirst author of the study. It should be noted that these specific B cells for RBD were associated with a lower number of infections in vaccinated people who had not been exposure to the virus before vaccination. Meanwhile, the people who had been exposed to the virus before vaccination developed an atcreat memory cells that remained stable with the uncle. «Probablent is due to the different entry than gender The primary vaccination with comparison compared to the infectious viral,» says Dobaño, «but we still do not know if the cell’s surf is harmful or beneficial,» he adds.
In general, the study results show that both groups (previously exposed or not) developed efficient memory responses, but that Having been infected before leaves a distinctive mark In the immune system. «Our dice highlights the durability of immune responses to the SARS-COV-2, but they also suggest that the vaccines carried out directed a new variants of rotating even more immunity will improve immunity, special-in-infected,» concl.
Change to IgG4 antibodies after repeated vaccination
ENU Studyed with the same cohort, an investigation of research one Increase in a specific subclass of antibodies directed to the virus Known as IGG4, after three doses of RNM. People vaccinated with Higher levels of IgG4 and IgG2 antibodiesthat have a lower capacity to neutralize the virus and activate other immune functions, I had a Mayor risk of infected A regret of being vaccinated.
References
Molinos-Albert L, Rubio R, Martín-Pérez C et al. Long-lasting antibody cell responses to SARS-COV-2 three years after the start of the pandemic. Cellular reports. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/J. CELREP.2025.115498
Marín-Pérez C, Ruiz-rius S, Ramírez-Morros A et al. The IGG4 and IGG2 class switch after vaccination is associated with a higher risk of SARS-COV-2 infections. J infection. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/J.JINF.2025.106473
