Washington, DC, October 16, 2024 (PAHO) – The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has issued an epidemiological update on Oropouche virus disease (OROV), highlighting the importance of strengthening diagnostic measures, management clinical, prevention and vector control in the region of the Americas.
From the beginning of the year to the beginning of October, 10,275 confirmed cases of Oropouche were reported in nine countries in the region, the majority of which were in Brazil (8,258, including two deaths). Other affected countries include Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Guyana and Peru. Imported cases were also reported in the United States (90 cases) and Canada (2 cases), related to travel to countries with ongoing transmission. Additionally, 30 additional imported cases were reported in Europe.
Since PAHO’s last epidemiological alert was issued on September 6, 423 additional cases of Oropouche have been reported, including two countries that had not previously reported cases: Ecuador and Guyana.
Oropouche fever is a viral illness characterized by high fever, severe headache, photophobia, muscle and joint pain, and usually resolves within 2 to 3 weeks. In some cases, it can cause more serious complications such as meningitis or encephalitis. Currently, there are no specific vaccines or antiviral treatments available and treatment focuses on symptomatic relief.
In 2024, the virus was detected in areas where transmission had not previously been reported. Deaths associated with the infection have also been recorded, as well as cases of vertical transmission, including stillbirths and congenital anomalies.
PAHO has requested that Member States report any unusual events related to the disease, including deaths associated with OROV and cases of possible vertical transmission, as this information is crucial to improve epidemiological surveillance.
The Organization emphasizes the need to strengthen epidemiological and entomological surveillance, and urges the implementation of vector control measures, given that OROV is transmitted mainly through the bite of the Culicoides paraensis mosquito. It also recommends promoting personal protection practices to avoid bites, especially in pregnant women and vulnerable populations.
PAHO encourages all Member States to follow established guidelines for the detection and surveillance of Oropouche and to adopt a proactive approach in reporting cases and implementing control strategies.
