Dengue: síntomas, duración y tratamiento de esta epidemia global – Blog

Discover how long dengue lasts, how to heals and do to treat it. Key information on symptoms, prevention and dengue epidemic in the world.

[Este post lo han escrito Adelaida Sarukhan y Daniel Camprubí.]

Imagine a cool that can change your rhythm of life. Start mild apparent bunny, such as fever and headache, but in some cases it can become potential cooling for mortal for which there is no special betrayal. Now imagine that 4,000 million people (Half of the world population) They run the risk of getting the disease.

Dengue, one Viral infection transmitted by mosquitoesIt has become a world alarming epidemic that affects millions of people on all continents. Although we may have all heard of it, the real increase in dengue cases demands more than ever our attention.

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Understand a million dengue dynamics: QUANTS THE INMUNITAT?

Suspitable usual: 002 Mosquit Aedes

What is dengue? Information key

Dengue is a virus. It belongs to the Flavivirus familywhich also includes other viruses transmitted by vectors that cause cooling in humans, such as Zika, yellow fever and western fever. The infractions of those can be caused by any of the four virus serotypes (denv-1 to denv-4), related narrowing.

Dengue virus is transmitted to humans through the mosquito biteAlthough not of any mosquito. They must be infected ferrets and belong to the species Aedes aegypti EITHER Aedes albopictus. Both very prolific children and are well adapted to living in close association with humans. The only continent – until now – where these mosquitoes are not found is Antarctica. He Ae. aegypti It is concentrated in tropical and subtropical rules, while the Ae. Albopictus (Also known as Mosquito Tigre) is also found in higher latitudes, such as Europe, the USA. and Japan.

How long does dengue last? Ways of cooling

Dengue usually lasts Between 2 and 7 days. Approach one in 20 sick people can develop severe dengue, which can be deadly if it is not rapid. Between 2% and 5% of characters with severe dengue can die. Without treatment, dengue tomb mortality can reach 50%.

People who have infected previous With a specific serotype they develop immunity against said serotype but but Mayor of have a probability of developing severe dengue If they are later infected with a different serotype, because the existing antibodies facilitate the entry of the virus a cells (a phenomenon called confidential antibodies or ADDS). Babies and pregnant women Also may be the risk of serious dengue.

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Dengue symptoms: how to identify it in time

The most common son fever, rash, pain (Including headache gun from the eyes) and strong Joint pain. But not all people develop symptoms.

Symptoms of severe dengue include hemorrhages through the nose or gums, vomiting, breathing difficulty, hypotension and ornic failure.

How is dengue diagnosed?

The diagnosis is usually performed in the media laboratory molecular tests (amplification of viral DNA) or serological (antibody dwarf against the virus). There are rapid tests to detect the virus, but its sensitivity varies according to the serotype and dependent if it is a primary or secondary infectious.

How is dengue cure? Treatments and care

Still There is no treatment Special for dengue, although reciecentse were announced Promising results For an antiviral tablet tested in a very small trial in humans.

Royal HOE TWO AUTHORIZED VACCINES Against dengue. The first (Dengvaxia, from Sanofi) It is only recommended for people living in endemic areas and have already had a previous infectious. The second, of TakondaIt was approved by the European Medication Agency (EMA) for use in people over four in endemic areas, as well as for travelers, independent if they already tied an infection or not. This vaccine was also recommended by the group of experts from the World Health Organization (WHO) for use in children under 6 to 16 years old living in high -transmission areas.

Recently, very promising phase 3 results were published for another Tetravalent vaccine developed by the Butantan Institute of Brazil. The vaccine, based on attenuated living virus, proved to be safe and very effective in preventing single dengue in children and adults, independent that they have had or not previous infectious.

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Dengue epidemic: causes and prevention

He global warmingcoupled with the High international mobilityIt makes diseases transmitted by mosquitoes such as dengue, malaria or chikunguaña, before confined to the tropics, the world is extended. Internal EE. UU. 516 local dengue cases have been recorded so far this article this article (2023). He Southern Europe It is vulnerable special, with 10 different local outbreaks and more than 100 cases reported in 2023 (although this figure is greater insurance, already around 50% of infecions are asymptomatic). SpainThat eliminated the yellow fever and dengue of its port city more than 50 years ago, it runs again in France there could be more than 3000 cases a year in 2030 (compared to the 65 cases observed in 2022) if the temperatures continue to increase to the real rhythm, according to a Recent analysis.

What can we do? As the world number and distribution of dengue cases increase, fundamental son control of the vector and sensitizing and community actions for redoubt the propagation of motive. Some Control strategies novel vector, as an example to free infected mosquitoes is Wolbachia (A bacterium that protects itself from virus infection) are giving Very promising results in endemic areas. The development of Quick diagnostic tests Sensitive more, species treatments And others Effective vaccinesAnd above all, to guarantee that they are affordable and proud of those who need them, it will also be key to reducing the impact on health of a deferry that Anaza now is now in the world. There is plenty of saying the impact not only of dengue, but also of other emerging emergencies Reverse climate change and loss of biodiversity.

The best preventive measure It is still to avoid mosquito bites (especially during sunset and dawn, when the vector Aedes Is more act) by using repellents AND Clothes that cover arms and legsas well as Control mosquito populations Emptying the receptors with water, where mosquitoes deposit their larvae.

Dengue in the world: impact and real statistics

The incidence of dengue has increased drastic in the last decades. So far from 2023, more than 3.7 million dengue camos and more than 2,000 deaths worldwide. Internal BangladeshFor example, the number of cosos and dengue deaths in 2023 (> 200,000 and> 1,000, respectively) is higher than that of all the previous years together since 2000. Peru The worst epidemic in more than a decade has been recorded, with more than 150,000 cases and 252 deaths in 2023, many of them in minors. This increase in cases is not only taking tropical and subtropical regions in wages, where dengue is more common. It is also happening in places like Europe and the United States, where the transmission was rare.

[Este artículo se publicó originalmente el 12 de diciembre de 2023 y la última actualización data de abril de 2025].