guía para el diseño, implantación y evaluación de un programa de ejercicio laboral en la empresa
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) encompass a wide number of health problems that are generally associated with pain and limitation of mobility and dexterity, leading to a decrease in quality of life, significant impairment of functional abilities, and reduced social participation. . .
According to data from the World Health Organization, approximately 1.71 billion people suffer from MSDs worldwide, with low back pain being the most common, with a prevalence of 568 million people. Are the leading cause of disability worldwide and one of the main causes of absenteeism from work, as well as the most common work-related health problem in the European Union (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work).
In Spain, in 2020, accidents due to physical overstrain on the musculoskeletal system represented 32.5% of the total accidents that occurred during a work day with sick leave and 6.4% of the employed population reported having suffered, in the 12 months previous, a health problem caused or aggravated by work (INSST, 2020). Regarding occupational diseases, MSDs accounted for 83% of all occupational diseases in 2020 (CEPROSS 2020).
Fortunately, there are many situations in which these disorders are largely preventable. A privileged scenario is the workplace, in which the burden of the disease can be reduced with the design of actions to prevent occupational risks and the promotion of healthy lifestyles, such as performing physical exercise with the aim of optimizing musculoskeletal health.
Thus, the implementation of physical exercise programs in companies is one more factor to consider in occupational risk prevention programs and, more specifically, in those designed to reduce musculoskeletal disorders in the workplace.
In this context the National Institute of Safety and Health at Work (INSST) has edited the guide: Work exercise: guide for the design, implementation and evaluation of a work exercise program in the companywhose objective is to provide tools to companies and professionals who are responsible for the prevention of occupational risks for the design, implementation and evaluation of a physical exercise program adapted to the working conditions and characteristics of the workers of the company. company.
The guide consists of the following sections:
- Introduction: data on the impact of MSDs and objectives of the guideline.
- Musculoskeletal disorders: concept, consequences and risk factors.
- Bases of work exercise: benefits of work physical exercise and fundamental physical abilities.
- Program objectives: general objectives and specific actions.
- Methodology for the application of a work exercise program: first steps, phases of the program (definition, awareness, implementation) and evaluation of the intervention.
- Conclusions.
- References.
Work physical exercise programs. They must be a tool that complements the prevention of occupational risks in order to train people to carry out their work in the best health conditions and avoid injuries, always in well-designed, safe and healthy jobs.
Resources and links of interest:
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